Abstract The transforming growth factors beta (TGFβ) are local factors produced by ovarian cells which, after binding to their receptors, regulate follicular deviation and ovulation. However, their regulation and function during corpus luteum (CL) regression has been poorly investigated. The present study evaluated the mRNA regulation of some TGFβ family ligands and their receptors in the bovine CL during induced luteolysis in vivo. On day 10 of the estrous cycle, cows received an injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and luteal samples were obtained from separate groups of cows (n= 4-5 cows per time-point) at 0, 2, 12, 24 or 48 h after treatment. Since TGF beta family comprises more than 30 ligands, we focused in some candidates genes such as activin receptors (ACVR-1A, -1B, -2A, -2B) AMH, AMHR2, BMPs (BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -6 and -7), BMP receptors (BMPR-1A, -1B and -2), inhibin subunits (INH-A, -BA, -BB) and betaglycan (TGFBR3). The mRNA levels of BMP4, BMP6 and INHBA were higher at 2 h after PGF administration (P<0.05) in comparison to 0 h. The relative mRNA abundance of BMP1, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP6, ACVR1B, INHBA and INHBB was upregulated up to 12 h post PGF (P<0.05). On the other hand, TGFBR3 mRNA that codes for a reservoir of ligands that bind to TGF-beta receptors, was lower at 48 h. In conclusion, findings from this study demonstrated that genes encoding several TGFβ family members are expressed in a time-specific manner after PGF administration.

O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, conduzidos utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras. Os animais foram novilhas Brangus com peso médio inicial de 258kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram massa de forragem disponibilizada (MFd), massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras (MLFt) oferta de forragem disponibilizada (OFd), altura do estrato inferior (Hinf), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DISMO), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), ganho médio diário (GMD), escore de condição corporal (CC), escore do trato reprodutivo (ETR) e taxa de lotação (TL). MFd, Hinf, DISMO e NDT foram decrescentes e OFd, PB e FDN semelhantes ao longo do período experimental. O GMD foi positivo apenas no terceiro período, enquanto que CC, ETR e TL decresceram. O manejo da pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo ou rotativo, no outono-inverno, utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras, não possibilita o desenvolvimento corporal adequado para acasalamento de novilhas de corte aos 24 meses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef heifers in natural grassland under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design and conducted using the forage mass above eight cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks. The animals were Brangus beef heifers with initial body weight of 258kg. The variables evaluated were available forage mass (FMa), leaf blades mass of tussocks (LBMt), real forage allowance (FAr), sward height of the lower stratum (HLS), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), reproductive tract score (RTS) and stocking rate (SR). FMa, HLS, OMD and TDN decreased while FAr, CP and NDF were similar during the experimental period. The ADG was positive only at third experimental period while BCS, RTS and SR decreased over time. The natural grassland management under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period, using the forage mass above 8cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks, does not allow the adequate corporal development for breeding the beef heifers at 24 months old.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade crioprotetora das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) presentes no plasma de gema de ovo, adicionado ao trihidroxiaminometano (TRIS) para congelar sêmen ovino. Trinta e seis ejaculados foram coletados para formar 12 "pool". Cada alíquota de sêmen foi diluída em TRIS-gema de ovo (TRISG) ou TRIS- plasma de gema de ovo (TRISP) antes de congelar o sêmen. Para a obtenção do plasma da gema de ovo, foi utilizado o método de ultracentrifugação. Após o descongelamento, não houve diferença entre os dois extensores em relação aos parâmetros seminais (motilidade, viabilidade, membrana acrossômica e plasma). No entanto, no Teste de Termo Resistência Lenta (TTRL - 4h/38°C), o sêmen congelado com TRISP resultou no aumento do número de espermatozoides com acrossoma intacto (P<0,032). Conclui-se que o diluente TRISP é uma alternativa para criopreservação do sêmen de carneiros, pois permite uma melhora da característica seminal em relação ao diluente TRIS gema, mas sem a necessidade do processo de purificação das LDL.

The present study aimed to evaluate the cryoprotectant low-density lipoprotein (LDL) present in the plasma of egg yolk added to the extender trihidroxiaminometano (TRIS) for freezing ram semen. Thirty-six ejaculates were collected to form 12 pool. Each aliquot of semen was diluted in TRIS-egg yolk (TRISG) or TRIS-egg yolk plasma (TRISP) before freezing the semen. The plasma of egg yolk was obtained by ultracentrifugation. After thawing, no difference was detected between the two extenders in relation to seminal parameters (motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosome). However, in the thermal resistance slow test (4h in a water bath at 38°C), the semen frozen with TRISP resulted in higher number of sperm with intact acrosome than those with TRISG (P<0.032). It was concluded that the TRISP extender is an alternative for cryopreservation of ram semen, once it improves the semen characteristics in comparison to TRISG, avoiding the purification process of LDL.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance and body development of beef heifers reared from 15 to 18 months of age on Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), Alexandergrass pasture (Urochloa plantaginea) or native pasture invaded by Annoni-2 grass (Eragrostis plana Nees). The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, with three treatments and two replications. The grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate in order to maintain the sward height at 40 cm. Masses of leaf, stem and dead material, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were similar between Pearl millet and Alexandergrass. Average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per hectare, body weight, body condition score, weight-to-height ratio and reproductive tract score of the heifers kept on annual summer pastures (Pearl millet or Alexandergrass) were superior, compared with the heifers on Annoni-2 grass pasture.

Avaliou-se o desempenho de bezerras de corte dos 8 aos 12 meses de idade em pastagem exclusiva de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou em pastagem de azevém em consórcio com trevo-vermelho (Trifolium pratense) LE 116 ou azevém com suplemento (1% do peso vivo (PV) por dia). O método de pastejo foi o de lotação contínua com número variável de animais. O suplemento utilizado foi ração comercial, com 17% de proteína bruta, 23,6% de fibra em detergente neutro e 59,6% de nutrientes digestíveis totais. Os valores médios de massa e oferta de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 1.327,2 kg/ha de MS, 10,5 e 3,7 kg de MS/100 kg de PV, respectivamente. O ganho de peso médio diário foi semelhante entre as bezerras em pastagem de azevém com suplemento e aquelas em pastagem de azevém mais trevo-vermelho, com valor médio de 1.039 gramas. A carga animal e o ganho de peso vivo por área foram maiores quando animais receberam suplemento. A suplementação proporcionou efeito aditivo no consumo total de matéria seca e substitutivo no consumo de matéria seca do pasto.

The beef heifers performance from eight to twelve months of age was evaluated in exclusive Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture, ryegrass plus red clover (Trifolium pratense) LE 116 or in ryegrass pasture receiving supplement in proportion of 1% BW. The continuous grazing method with variable stocking rate was used. The supplement used was a commercial ration, with 17% of crude protein, 23.6% of neutral detergent fiber and 59.6% of total digestible nutrients. The means values of forage mass and offer and leaf blade offer were 1327.2 kg/ha of DM and 10.5 and 3.7 kg of DM/100 kg of BW, respectively. The daily body weight gain was similar for beef heifers receiving supplement or in Italian ryegrass plus red clover, with mean value of 1039 grams. The stocking rate and body gain per area were higher when animals were supplemented. The use of supplementation for grazing heifers caused additive effect on the total dry matter intake and replacement in the grass dry matter intake.

Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento corporal de bezerras de corte em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), recebendo diferentes alternativas de suplementação mineral, associadas ou não à adição de ionóforo. Os tratamentos testados foram: "Sal comum": mineralização com cloreto de sódio; "Sal 40P": mineralização com sal mineral contendo 40g de fósforo por kg de produto; "Sal 40P + ionóforo": mineralização com 40g de fósforo + 2.000mg de lasalocida sódica por kg de produto. Os valores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, Ca e P na forragem aparentemente consumida, consumo de sal, escore de condição corporal, relação peso: altura e GMD foram semelhantes (P>0,05) entre animais que receberam "Sal comum", "Sal 40P" e "Sal 40P + ionóforo". Em pastagem de azevém, sem restrição ao consumo voluntário, a lasalocida sódica adicionada ao sal mineral proporciona maior peso vivo de bezerras aos 12 meses de idade e um retorno financeiro positivo.

Body development of beef heifers grazing Italian ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was evaluated. The animals received different alternatives of mineral supplement: associated or not to ionophore addition and the treatments were: 'Common salt': mineralization with sodium chloride; '40P salt': mineralization with mineral salt plus 40g of phosphorus per kilo of product; 40P salt + ionophore: mineralization with 40g of phosphorus plus 2000mg of lasalocid per kg of product. The values of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and Ca and P of the apparently consumed forage, salt intake, body condition and body weight:height relation were similar (P>0.05) between animals receiving 'common salt', '40P salt' and '40P salt+ionophor'. For beef heifers grazing ryegrass pasture without intake restriction, the lasalocid associated to mineral salt provides a greater body weight at twelve months age and a positive financial.